K Power Solutions

  Shunt Capacitors and it's applications Shunt means parallel. In simple words, the capacitor is connected in parallel with a load or power supply is called shunt capacitor. The series and parallel combination of a no. of shunt capacitors is called shunt capacitor bank. So shunt capacitor is not a special device. It is a normal capacitor only, it is called a shunt capacitor because of its parallel connection with load. Application of Shunt Capacitor: 1-Electrical Power Distribution System. In an electrical power distribution system, shunt capacitors are used. Generally, shunt capacitors or shunt capacitor banks are connected in parallel with each feeder to improve the power factor of that particular feeder. 2-Electrical Transmission line.  Shunt Capacitor bank also used in long-distance transmission lines. In long-distance transmission lines (above 66KV) shunt capacitor banks are used to increase the electrical power transfer capability without extra conductors. The shunt capa...

Vector group of transformer The naming convention popularly known as Vector Group of Transformer was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) through IEC 60076-1. This was done in order to create a notation for three-phase transformer winding configuration. Common Symbol Designation Y or y – star winding D or d – delta winding N or n – neutral 0 to 12 – phase displacement in terms of clock position in multiples of 30°.   According to the standard, the notation should follow HV-LV-Phase displacement sequence with the HV winding in uppercase and LV winding in lowercase.

  What is fiber optics? Fiber optics refers to the technology that transmits information as light pulses along a glass or plastic fiber. A fiber optic cable can contain a varying number of glass fibers, from a few up to a couple hundred. Another glass layer called cladding surrounds the glass fiber core. The buffer tube layer protects the cladding, and a jacket layer acts as the final protective layer for the individual strand. Fiber optic cables are used because of their advantages over copper cables. Some of those benefits include higher bandwidth and transmit speeds. Fiber optics is used for long-distance and high-performance data networking. It is also commonly used in telecommunication services, such as internet, television and telephones. Advantages and disadvantages of fiber optics Advantages- They support higher bandwidth capacities. Light can travel further without needing as much of a signal boost. They are less susceptible to interference, such as electromagnetic interfe...

Insulator  The main purpose of an insulator is to control the unwanted flow of electricity from the powered conductor or conducting components. Electrical insulation plays an important role in every electrical application. Electrical insulating materials are introduced as substances that present a high resistance to the flow of electricity, and for that aspect, they are employed to keep current in its suitable path within the conductor. Let's discuss insulating materials, the property of insulating material and different types of insulating materials. What are the different types of insulator materials? Classification of insulator material.  It is possible to classify insulation materials according to their substances and their temperature. A large number of materials and substances can be defined as insulators, many of which have to be used in practice, as no single material or substance can meet all the requirements contained in the numerous and different applications of ins...

  Power Transformer Power transformers are used in transmission network. Power transformers are rated above 200 MVA Power transformers works on high insulation level as voltage ranges above 33 kV i.e 33kV, 66kV, 110 kV, 200 kV, 400kV) Due to high insulation size of power transformers is large. Copper Losses in power transformers are less as it operates on 100% of loading 24 hours.  Efficiency of Power transformers is 99% . Distribution Transformer Distribution Transformer used to distribute electricity to consumer level. Distribution transformers are rated up to 200 MVA Distribution transformers works on consumer level below 33 kV voltage, doesn't require high insulation. Due to low insulation size of Distribution transformers is small compared to Power transformer. Copper Losses in Distribution transformers are more as load is not constant for 24 hours. Efficiency of Distribution Transformer is 60% to 75%. 

 The degradation of solar panels is not caused by a single phenomenon, but by several degradation factors affecting photovoltaic modules, but mainly due to the aging of the use time. Other causes of solar panel degradation include aging, light induced degradation (LID), potential induced degradation (PID) and backplane failure. 1- Aging caused by service time Aging is the main degradation factor affecting the operating life of PV modules. This degradation is due to the direct consequence of years of exposure of modules to rainfall, snowfall, extreme temperatures, hail, dust and other external factors. When photovoltaic modules are exposed to the above external factors, they will begin to decay and reduce their efficiency over time. This is due to the corrosion of the solar panel frame, the delamination of glass and backplane and the loss of the performance of photovoltaic materials, all of which lead to the degradation of photovoltaic modules by 0.5% per year on average. The solar ...

Transformer Oil Transformer oil is a very important for the functional transformers and are the dielectric substance that helps in maintaining their temperature. Transformer oils are vital for the proper running and functioning of the transformers. It is one of the main asset in the electrical power industry which needs to be maintained for guaranteed uninterrupted power transmission in order to get assured revenue benefits. Transformer oil filtration: Transformers require filtered and dried oil. During its usage, the insulating oil absorbs moisture and gets polluted by sopping fibers, dirty particles, aging products, and soot. Even unused oil is not clean enough as it may have absorbed moisture from the air or may have got polluted in the barrel it was stored in. The efficiency of the oil as an insulating material is highly reduced as the moisture level increases. Hence, transformer oil filtering is an important process which eliminates solid particles, dissolved gasses, and dissolved...

Solar panels  are those devices which are used to absorb the sun's rays and convert them into electricity or heat .  Solar panel is actually set of photovoltaic modules, mounted on a structure supporting it. The Benefits of Solar Panels Solar panels make it possible to live off-grid. It is both a clean and a renewable source of energy. Low maintenance cost. Once a system has paid for its initial installation costs, the electricity it produces for the remainder of the system's lifespan, which could be as much as 15-20 years depending on the quality of the system, is absolutely free! Types of Solar Panels The solar panels can be divided into 4 types, Monocrystalline solar panels Polycrystalline solar panels Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact cells (PERC) solar panels Thin-film solar panels 1- The monocrystalline solar panels  They are also known as the single crystal panels. They are made from pure silicon crystal which is sliced into several wafers forming cells. These wa...

  What is Net metering and Gross metering? The electricity bills you receive at the home, office, or other buildings, are tracked by an electricity meter to make the acquaintance of the units of electricity you consumed. Generally, for our daily usage, we use the electricity from the power grid and from there, we’ll get the power consumed charge. But, if you have the capacity to produce electricity at your premises itself, then the mechanism of the power grid changes. Solar roof-mounted PVs has become a standard system for generating a secondary source of power for users. As electricity storage is expensive, these systems are often connected to the grid to export surplus electricity to the grid, and deficits can be imported from the grid. With the help of advanced technologies, governments, when designing the regulations for solar rooftop systems, introduced two arrangements –: Net metering Gross metering How does Net Metering work? The Net Metering policy was introduced in India, ...

  Earthing or grounding It is the process of transferring the immediate discharge of electrical energy directly to the Earth with the help of the low-resistance wire. The electrical earthing is carried out by connecting the non-current-carrying part of the equipment or the neutral part of the supply system to the ground. A safety measure devised to prevent people from getting shocked if the insulation inside electrical devices fails is called Earthing. The third pin in the plug is actually the “Earth” or “Ground” connection of the electrical appliance. The Earth, being a good conductor of electricity, acts as a convenient path for the flow of electrons that escape the insulation. Furthermore, the gigantic size of the Earth paves a path for the safe discharge of the electric charge. Why is Earthing/Grounding necessary? There are 3 mains reasons why all electric devices need to be connected to the Earth. Human Safety -  A properly earthed device doesn’t leak out any current. Thi...

Overhead power line is an important part of power system.  The cost and life of transmission line primarily depend on the material used for making conductor for transmission line. The most important and much suitable material for conductor of transmission line is copper as it having high conductivity and high tensile strength, More ever it is having good ductility. Only Limitation is its cost. With the discovery of practical mass production methods for aluminum processing, the price of aluminum quickly fell, making it a more affordable choice for manufacturers and designers. It takes an aluminum wire with a diameter 1.5 times that of copper to transmit the same amount of electricity, but that wire will be three times lighter, meaning that aluminum is a more efficient material for electrical applications. High voltage overhead power lines are manufactured from aluminum to reduce weight while supplying good conductivity. Aluminum is having sufficient conductivity. More ever it is lig...

  Reasons for using Stones in Electrical Switchyard & Transformer Yard: Stones in the substation is provided to reduce the step potential and touch potential when operators work on switch yard. Step and touch potential occurs due to the short circuit current flows on the conductor. All the substation is provided with the good grounding system or low resistance path to the fault current. Therefore to provide the high resistance for foot and ground, the stones are provided. Stones eliminate the growth of small weeds and plants inside the switchyard or transformer yard. It protects the moisture content evaporation and keeps the ground wet. Most in switchyard Power Transformers insulated with the insulation oil. The insulating oil spillages catches fire easily. So Stones/Gravel is provided to protect from fire when oil spillage takes place. Moisture on the floor level get minimised. Compensate the vibration in transformer which has been caused due to magnetostriction in core Improv...

 If your electricity bill is unpredictable from month to month or it’s consistently higher than you would like, vampire power may be the culprit. What is Vampire Energy? Vampire power also called phantom power or standby mode, in which appliances consume energy even when they are shut off, can account for up to 20% of your monthly electricity bill. While sitting unused and idle, your TV or toaster oven is sucking money right out of your pocketbook. Why Do Devices Leak Energy? Essentially, every cord that remains plugged into an outlet is still using an electric current. While many devices have sleep or standby modes, they continuously use energy to perform updates, connect to remote servers, and record data. The connectivity of modern technology is one reason why devices leak energy. Even when the TV is off, for example, it’s still ready to receive a signal from the remote to power on at any time. Your DVR is always “lying in wait” until it’s time to record the next show or running...

 Indoor Safety- Periodically test the electrical installation for insualtion strength and replace if required. Replace damaged electrical components like switches, plug sockets etc., immediately when noticed. Use only ISI marked electrical appliances, cables and wires. Use 30 mA ELCB the "LIFE SAVER" at the main supply point. Get electrical work done only by qualified licensed electrical contractors. Install switches and plug sockets at an inaccessible height and away from children. Do not use electrical appliances that have been wet. Make sure that there is easy access to switch off the supply source quickly in case of an emergency.  Do not fix a nail on the wall where concealed PVC conduit wiring has been done.  Outdoor safety- Avoid fallen electricity poles and power lines or anything in contact with these. Do not touch water or anything in contact with water near where there is a downed power line. Do not try to free somebody who is in contact with an electrical power...